Literature

Eerkes-Medrano, D. et al., 2017. Are simple environmental indicators of food web dynamics reliable: Exploring the kittiwake–temperature relationship. , 75, pp.36 - 47. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1470160X16307129?via%3Dihub.

Efron, B., 1979. Bootstrap Methods: Another Look at the Jackknife. The Annals of Statistics, 7(1), pp.1- 26. Available at: https://projecteuclid.org:443/euclid.aos/1176344552.

Eggett, A. et al., 2018. MRV Scotia 15-12S Cruise Report: Survey of Wyville Thomson Ridge cSAC-SCI and Faroe-Shetland Sponge Belt Proposed NCMPA, Peterborough: JNCC. Available at: http://data.jncc.gov.uk/data/88e6fcdf-5885-4e49-b50f-e643c9eb1dad/JNCC-Report-610-FINAL-WEB.pdf.

Eigaard, O.R. et al., 2015. Estimating seafloor pressure from demersal trawls, seines, and dredges based on gear design and dimensions. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 73, pp.127-143. Available at: https://academic.oup.com/icesjms/article/73/suppl_1/i27/2573989.

EKOS, 2016. Sailing tourism in Scotland: Report for The Crown Estate, Highlands and Islands Enterprise and Scottish Canals, Glasgow: EKOS. Available at: https://scottishtourismalliance.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Sailing-Tourism-in-Scotland-Final.pdf.

Ekstrom, J.A. et al., 2015. Vulnerability and adaptation of US shellfisheries to ocean acidification. Nature Climate Change, 5(3), pp.207 - 214. Available at: https://www.nature.com/articles/nclimate2508.

Elliott, C. et al., 2016. An Economic and Social Evaluation of the UK Subsea Cables Industry. Research Report. European Subsea Cables Association (ESCA). . Available at: http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/31526/ .

EMODnet, 2010. MESH confidence assessment. Available at: http://www.emodnet-seabedhabitats.eu/default.aspx?page=1635.

EMODnet, 2016. EUSeaMap 2016. Broadscale predictive habitat maps. Available at: https://www.emodnet-seabedhabitats.eu/.

Engelhard, G.H. et al., 2013. Body condition of predatory fishes linked to the availability of sandeels. , 160(2), pp.299 - 308. Available at: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00227-012-2088-1.

Engelhard, G.H. et al., 2015. Effort reduction and the large fish indicator: spatial trends reveal positive impacts of recent European fleet reduction schemes. Environmental Conservation, 42(3), pp.227-236.

Engelhard, G.H. et al., 2015. The Large Fish Indicator is responsive to trawling pressure, and to reductions thereof, International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. Available at: http://www.ices.dk/sites/pub/ASCExtendedAbstracts/Shared%20Documents/P%20-%20How%20to%20hit%20an%20uncertain,%20moving%20target.%20Achieving%20Good%20Environmental%20Status%20under%20the%20Marine%20Strategy%20Framework/P1415.pdf.

Eno, N.C., Clark, R.A. & Sanderson, W.G., 1997. Non-native marine species in British waters: a review and directory. , pp.1-136. Available at: https://hub.jncc.gov.uk/assets/1684dd5e-36e3-4969-852f-4541c82240eb.

Eno, C., Clark, R. & Sanderson, W., 1997. Non-native marine species in British waters: a review and directory. , pp.1-136. Available at: https://hub.jncc.gov.uk/assets/1684dd5e-36e3-4969-852f-4541c82240eb.

Environment Agency, 2010. Cooling Water Options for the New Generation of Nuclear Power Stations in the UK. . Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/291077/scho0610bsot-e-e.pdf .

Environment Canada, 2006. Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999. Ecological Screening Assessment Report on Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs). Available at: https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/eccc/migration/main/lcpe-cepa/documents/substances/pbde/sar_pbde-eng.pdf.

Environment Canada, 2013. Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999. Federal Environmental Quality Guidelines for Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs). Available at: http://www.ec.gc.ca/ese-ees/05DF7A37-60FF-403F-BB37-0CC697DBD9A3/FEQG_PBDE_EN.pdf.

EU), C.Decision (, 2018. 2018/229 of 12.02.2018 establishing, pursuant to Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council., Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32018D0229&from=EN.

EUNIS, 2017. EUNIS Combined Map: full-coverage EUNIS level 3 layer integrating maps from surveys and broad-scale models. Available at: https://hub.jncc.gov.uk/assets/2048c042-5d68-46c6-8021-31d177b00ac4.

Evans, P.G.H., Boyd, I.L. & MacLeod, C.D., 2010. Impacts of Climate Change on Marine Mammals, Marine Climate Change Impacts Partnership. Available at: http://www.mccip.org.uk/media/1916/mccip201011_marinemammals.pdf.

Evans, P.G.H. & Waggitt, J.J., 2020. Impacts of climate change on marine mammals, relevant to the coastal and marine environment around the UK, Marine Climate Change Impacts Partnership. Available at: http://www.mccip.org.uk/media/2022/19_marine_mammals_2020.pdf.

Evans, P.G.H. & Bjørge, A., 2013. Impacts of climate change on marine mammals, Marine Climate Change Impacts Partnership. Available at: http://www.mccip.org.uk/impacts-report-cards/full-report-cards/2013/healthy-diverse-marine-ecosystem/marine-mammals/.

Evans, P.G.H., Pierce, G.J. & Panigada, S., 2010. Climate change and marine mammals. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 90, pp.1483–1487. Available at: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-the-marine-biological-association-of-the-united-kingdom/article/climate-change-and-marine-mammals/D3FD5CCBE2D581A08D68388E07739F27.

Ewins, P.J. & Tasker, M.L., 1985. The breeding distribution of Black Guillemots Cepphus grylle in Orkney and Shetland, 1982–84. Bird Study, 32(3), pp.186 - 193. Available at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00063658509476877.

Fairley, I., Masters, I. & Karunarathna, H., 2015. The cumulative impact of tidal stream turbine arrays on sediment transport in the Pentland Firth. Renewable Energy, 80, pp.755-769. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096014811500186X?via%3Dihub.

Fangel, K. et al., 2015. Assessing incidental bycatch of seabirds in Norwegian coastal commercial fisheries: Empirical and methodological lessons. , 14. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351989415000621?via%3Dihub.

FAO, 2018. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2018 - Meeting the sustainable development goals, Rome: FAO, Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations. Available at: http://www.fao.org/state-of-fisheries-aquaculture.

FAO, 2009. The FAO International Guidelines for the Management of Deep-sea Fisheries in the High Seas, Rome: FAO. Available at: http://www.fao.org/docrep/pdf/011/i0816t/i0816t.zip.

Fay, A. & Mckinley, G., 2013. Global trends in surface ocean pCO₂ from in situ data. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 27(2), pp.541–557.

Fehling, J. et al., 2004. Domoic acid production by Pseudo-nitzschia seriata (bacillariophyceae) in Scottish waters. Journal of Phycology, 40(4), pp.622 - 630. Available at: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2004.03200.x.

Fernandes, P. et al., 2004. Progress in estimating the absolute abundance of anglerfish on the European northern shelf from a trawl survey. In ICES ASC 2004. ICES ASC 2004. Vigo, Spain. Available at: http://ices.dk/sites/pub/CM%20Doccuments/CM-2007/K/K1207.pdf.

Fernandes, J.A. et al., 2017. Estimating the ecological, economic and social impacts of ocean acidification and warming on UK fisheries. Fish and Fisheries, 18, pp.389–411. Available at: http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/514538/.

Fernie, K.J. et al., 2009. Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of DE-71 and HBCD Alter Eggshell Thickness and Reproductive Success of American Kestrels. Environmental Science & Technology, 43(6), pp.2124 - 2130. Available at: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es8027346.

Fincham, J.I., Rijnsdorp, A.D. & Engelhard, G.H., 2013. Shifts in the timing of spawning in sole linked to warming sea temperatures. Journal of Sea Research, 75, pp.69–76. Available at: https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/shifts-in-the-timing-of-spawning-in-sole-linked-to-warming-sea-te.

Findlay, H.S. et al., 2013. Tidal downwelling and implications for the carbon biogeochemistry of cold-water corals in relation to future ocean acidification and warming. Global Change Biology, 19(9), pp.2708-2719. Available at: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/gcb.12256.

Finlay, S., 2014. Mapping seagrass distribution in the Firth of Forth. Edinburgh: Heriot-Watt University .

Fitch, J.E. et al., 2014. Response of multi-metric indices to anthropogenic pressures in distinct marine habitats: The need for recalibration to allow wider applicability. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 87(1), pp.220 - 229. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X14005153.

Fitton, J.M., Hansom, J.D. & Rennie, A.F., 2016. A national coastal erosion susceptibility model for Scotland. Ocean & Coastal Management, 132, pp.80 - 89. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0964569116301831.

Fletcher, S. et al., 2012. Description of the ecosystem services provided by broad-scale habitats and features of conservation importance that are likely to be protected by Marine Protected Areas in the Marine Conservation Zone Project area., Natural England. Available at: http://publications.naturalengland.org.uk/file/300602.

Foden, J., Rogers, S.I. & Jones, A.P., 2011. Human pressures on UK seabed habitats: a cumulative impact assessment. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 428, pp.33-47. Available at: https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v428/p33-47/.

Foden, J. et al., 2011. Searching for undesirable disturbance: an application of the OSPAR eutrophication assessment method to marine waters of England and Wales. Biogeochemistry, 106(2), pp.157 - 175. Available at: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10533-010-9475-9.

Foden, J., Rogers, S.I. & Jones, A.P., 2010. Recovery of UK seafloor habitats from benthic fishing and aggregate extraction - towards a cumulative impact assessment. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 411 , pp.259–270. Available at: https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v411/p259-270/.

Foden, J. & Brazier, P.D., 2007. Angiosperms (seagrass) within the EU Water Framework Directive; a UK perspective. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 55.

Foster, M.S., 2001. Rhodoliths: between rocks and soft places. Journal of Phycology, 37(5), pp.659-667. Available at: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1529-8817.2001.00195.x.

Foster, S., Swann, R. & Furness, R., 2017. Can changes in fishery landings explain long-term population trends in gulls?. , 64, p.90. Available at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00063657.2016.1274287?journalCode=tbis20.

Foster, R. & Davidson, K., 2018. Angiosperm Monitoring for the EU Water Framework Directive 2013 – 2015: Baseline seagrass surveys of the Montrose Basin, Eden Estuary, Forth Estuary and Loch Ryan, SEPA. Available at: https://www.sepa.org.uk/media/365890/angiosperm_baseline_seagrass_survey.pdf.

Fox, L. et al., 2020. Quantifying the Effect of Anthropogenic Climate Change on Calcifying Plankton. Scientific Reports, 10(1), p.1620. Available at: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-58501-w.

Fox, A. et al., 2011. Potential factors influencing increasing numbers of Canada Geese Branta canadensis in west Greenland. , 61, pp.30 - 44. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280091864_Potential_factors_influencing_increasing_numbers_of_Canada_Geese_Branta_canadensis_in_west_Greenland.

Fox, A.D. et al., 2016. Sensitivity of marine protected area network connectivity to atmospheric variability. Royal Society open science, 3(11), p.160494. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28018633/.

Frederiksen, M. et al., 2004. Scale-dependent climate signals drive breeding phenology of three seabird species. , 10, pp.1214 - 1221. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229468960_Scale-dependent_climate_signals_drive_breeding_phenology_of_three_seabird_species.