Physical change (to another seabed type)

Two separate possibilities 1) Change in sediment type by one Folk class, 2) Change from sedimentary or soft rock substrata to hard rock or artificial substrata or vice-versa. A change from sediment to hard rock (or vice versa) would affect all types of substratum, and all habitats would be assessed as highly sensitive.

Benchmark: 
The permanent change of one marine habitat type to another marine habitat type, through the change in substratum, including to artificial (e.g. concrete mattresses, rock dumping).
Examples: 
Associated activities include the installation of infrastructure (e.g. surface of platforms or wind farm foundations, marinas, coastal defences, pipelines and cables), the placement of scour protection where soft sediment habitats are replaced by hard/coarse substratum habitats, removal of coarse substrata (marine mineral extraction) in those instances where surficial finer sediments are lost, capital dredging where the residual sedimentary habitat differs structurally from the pre-dredge state, creation of artificial reefs, mariculture i.e. mussel beds. Protection of pipes and cables using rock dumping and mattressing techniques. Includes dredge & heavy trawl fisheries due to potential change in sediment particle size.
Notes: 
This pressure assumes a permanent change, while short-term smothering of substrata with sediment is addressed under siltation pressures. The simplified Folk class referred to in the benchmark is based on the simplified classification used for UK SeaMap as described by Long (2006).

Long Forties

The tables in this section reflect the output of the workshop (October 2019) when the pressures from human activities were assessed for the period 2014 to 2018 for the region. The summary text below the tables elaborates on some of the points that were made at the workshop.
This pressure assessment uses the FeAST classification which includes two abrasion pressures: surface abrasion & sub-surface abrasion. Some expert groups combined these as a single pressure "surface & sub-surface abrasion" whilst others focussed on using surface abrasion alone, hence there is a slight difference in handling for some regions.
The ranking of the pressures in terms of impact is a relative exercise within each region, and is not a statement of their absolute impact. Detailed comparison between regions on the basis of these relative pressure assessments is therefore not advisable.

Main pressures identified

Priority [1] Pressure (FeAST classification) [2] Main healthy and biologically diverse components affected [3] Main contributing FeAST activity /activities to pressure [4] Associated productive assessments [5]
1 Physical change (to another seabed type)
  • Fishing - Bottom otter trawling and pair trawls (OTB, OTT, PTB, TB, TBN)
  • Fishing - Demersal seine netting (SSC, SDN, SPR)
1 Physical change (to another seabed type)
  • Fishing - Bottom otter trawling and pair trawls (OTB, OTT, PTB, TB, TBN)
  • Fishing - Demersal seine netting (SSC, SDN, SPR)
1 Physical change (to another seabed type)
  • Fishing - Bottom otter trawling and pair trawls (OTB, OTT, PTB, TB, TBN)
  • Fishing - Demersal seine netting (SSC, SDN, SPR)
1 Physical change (to another seabed type)
  • Fishing - Bottom otter trawling and pair trawls (OTB, OTT, PTB, TB, TBN)
  • Fishing - Demersal seine netting (SSC, SDN, SPR)
  • Infrastructure - Offshore (oil & gas platforms)
3 Physical change (to another seabed type)
  • Extraction – Dredging (capital and maintenance)
  • Fishing - Bottom otter trawling and pair trawls (OTB, OTT, PTB, TB, TBN)
  • Fishing - Creeling and potting (FPO)

Footnotes:
• This pressure assessment uses the FeAST classification which includes two abrasion pressures: surface abrasion and sub-surface abrasion. Some expert groups combined these as a single pressure - Surface & sub-surface abrasion - whilst others focussed on using surface abrasion alone, hence there is a slight difference in handling for some regions.
• The ordering of entries in columns 3, 4 and 5 is not in any particular priority. There isn’t a 1:1 relationship between the entries in columns 3 and 4.
• Where aquaculture is identified as a source of noise pressure, this is due to the potential presence of Acoustic Deterrent Devices (ADDs) in this retrospective (2014-2018) pressure assessment.
• Column 4, FAO gear type added for clarity to fishing types. The gear type annotated next to the FeAST Activity is the International Standard Statistical Classification of Fishing Gear (ISSCFG). This was originally adopted during the 10th Session of the Coordinating Working Party on Fishery Statistics (CWP) (July 1980).
• Note the possibility of terrestrial influence for litter.

Long Forties

Fladen and Moray Firth Offshore

The tables in this section reflect the output of the workshop (October 2019) when the pressures from human activities were assessed for the period 2014 to 2018 for the region. The summary text below the tables elaborates on some of the points that were made at the workshop.
This pressure assessment uses the FeAST classification which includes two abrasion pressures: surface abrasion & sub-surface abrasion. Some expert groups combined these as a single pressure "surface & sub-surface abrasion" whilst others focussed on using surface abrasion alone, hence there is a slight difference in handling for some regions.
The ranking of the pressures in terms of impact is a relative exercise within each region, and is not a statement of their absolute impact. Detailed comparison between regions on the basis of these relative pressure assessments is therefore not advisable.

Main pressures identified

Priority [1] Pressure (FeAST classification) [2] Main healthy and biologically diverse components affected [3] Main contributing FeAST activity /activities to pressure [4] Associated productive assessments [5]
1 Physical change (to another seabed type)
  • Fishing - Bottom otter trawling and pair trawls (OTB, OTT, PTB, TB, TBN)
  • Fishing - Demersal seine netting (SSC, SDN, SPR)
1 Physical change (to another seabed type)
  • Fishing - Bottom otter trawling and pair trawls (OTB, OTT, PTB, TB, TBN)
  • Fishing - Demersal seine netting (SSC, SDN, SPR)
1 Physical change (to another seabed type)
  • Fishing - Bottom otter trawling and pair trawls (OTB, OTT, PTB, TB, TBN)
  • Fishing - Demersal seine netting (SSC, SDN, SPR)
1 Physical change (to another seabed type)
  • Fishing - Bottom otter trawling and pair trawls (OTB, OTT, PTB, TB, TBN)
  • Fishing - Demersal seine netting (SSC, SDN, SPR)
  • Infrastructure - Offshore (oil & gas platforms)
3 Physical change (to another seabed type)
  • Extraction – Dredging (capital and maintenance)
  • Fishing - Bottom otter trawling and pair trawls (OTB, OTT, PTB, TB, TBN)
  • Fishing - Creeling and potting (FPO)

Footnotes:
• This pressure assessment uses the FeAST classification which includes two abrasion pressures: surface abrasion and sub-surface abrasion. Some expert groups combined these as a single pressure - Surface & sub-surface abrasion - whilst others focussed on using surface abrasion alone, hence there is a slight difference in handling for some regions.
• The ordering of entries in columns 3, 4 and 5 is not in any particular priority. There isn’t a 1:1 relationship between the entries in columns 3 and 4.
• Where aquaculture is identified as a source of noise pressure, this is due to the potential presence of Acoustic Deterrent Devices (ADDs) in this retrospective (2014-2018) pressure assessment.
• Column 4, FAO gear type added for clarity to fishing types. The gear type annotated next to the FeAST Activity is the International Standard Statistical Classification of Fishing Gear (ISSCFG). This was originally adopted during the 10th Session of the Coordinating Working Party on Fishery Statistics (CWP) (July 1980).
• Note the possibility of terrestrial influence for litter.

Fladen and Moray Firth Offshore

East Shetland Shelf

The tables in this section reflect the output of the workshop (October 2019) when the pressures from human activities were assessed for the period 2014 to 2018 for the region. The summary text below the tables elaborates on some of the points that were made at the workshop.
This pressure assessment uses the FeAST classification which includes two abrasion pressures: surface abrasion & sub-surface abrasion. Some expert groups combined these as a single pressure "surface & sub-surface abrasion" whilst others focussed on using surface abrasion alone, hence there is a slight difference in handling for some regions.
The ranking of the pressures in terms of impact is a relative exercise within each region, and is not a statement of their absolute impact. Detailed comparison between regions on the basis of these relative pressure assessments is therefore not advisable.

Main pressures identified

Priority [1] Pressure (FeAST classification) [2] Main healthy and biologically diverse components affected [3] Main contributing FeAST activity /activities to pressure [4] Associated productive assessments [5]
1 Physical change (to another seabed type)
  • Fishing - Bottom otter trawling and pair trawls (OTB, OTT, PTB, TB, TBN)
  • Fishing - Demersal seine netting (SSC, SDN, SPR)
1 Physical change (to another seabed type)
  • Fishing - Bottom otter trawling and pair trawls (OTB, OTT, PTB, TB, TBN)
  • Fishing - Demersal seine netting (SSC, SDN, SPR)
1 Physical change (to another seabed type)
  • Fishing - Bottom otter trawling and pair trawls (OTB, OTT, PTB, TB, TBN)
  • Fishing - Demersal seine netting (SSC, SDN, SPR)
1 Physical change (to another seabed type)
  • Fishing - Bottom otter trawling and pair trawls (OTB, OTT, PTB, TB, TBN)
  • Fishing - Demersal seine netting (SSC, SDN, SPR)
  • Infrastructure - Offshore (oil & gas platforms)
3 Physical change (to another seabed type)
  • Extraction – Dredging (capital and maintenance)
  • Fishing - Bottom otter trawling and pair trawls (OTB, OTT, PTB, TB, TBN)
  • Fishing - Creeling and potting (FPO)

Footnotes:
• This pressure assessment uses the FeAST classification which includes two abrasion pressures: surface abrasion and sub-surface abrasion. Some expert groups combined these as a single pressure - Surface & sub-surface abrasion - whilst others focussed on using surface abrasion alone, hence there is a slight difference in handling for some regions.
• The ordering of entries in columns 3, 4 and 5 is not in any particular priority. There isn’t a 1:1 relationship between the entries in columns 3 and 4.
• Where aquaculture is identified as a source of noise pressure, this is due to the potential presence of Acoustic Deterrent Devices (ADDs) in this retrospective (2014-2018) pressure assessment.
• Column 4, FAO gear type added for clarity to fishing types. The gear type annotated next to the FeAST Activity is the International Standard Statistical Classification of Fishing Gear (ISSCFG). This was originally adopted during the 10th Session of the Coordinating Working Party on Fishery Statistics (CWP) (July 1980).
• Note the possibility of terrestrial influence for litter.

East Shetland Shelf

North and West Shetland Shelf

The tables in this section reflect the output of the workshop (October 2019) when the pressures from human activities were assessed for the period 2014 to 2018 for the region. The summary text below the tables elaborates on some of the points that were made at the workshop.
This pressure assessment uses the FeAST classification which includes two abrasion pressures: surface abrasion & sub-surface abrasion. Some expert groups combined these as a single pressure "surface & sub-surface abrasion" whilst others focussed on using surface abrasion alone, hence there is a slight difference in handling for some regions.
The ranking of the pressures in terms of impact is a relative exercise within each region, and is not a statement of their absolute impact. Detailed comparison between regions on the basis of these relative pressure assessments is therefore not advisable.

Main pressures identified

Priority [1] Pressure (FeAST classification) [2] Main healthy and biologically diverse components affected [3] Main contributing FeAST activity /activities to pressure [4] Associated productive assessments [5]
1 Physical change (to another seabed type)
  • Fishing - Bottom otter trawling and pair trawls (OTB, OTT, PTB, TB, TBN)
  • Fishing - Demersal seine netting (SSC, SDN, SPR)
1 Physical change (to another seabed type)
  • Fishing - Bottom otter trawling and pair trawls (OTB, OTT, PTB, TB, TBN)
  • Fishing - Demersal seine netting (SSC, SDN, SPR)
1 Physical change (to another seabed type)
  • Fishing - Bottom otter trawling and pair trawls (OTB, OTT, PTB, TB, TBN)
  • Fishing - Demersal seine netting (SSC, SDN, SPR)
1 Physical change (to another seabed type)
  • Fishing - Bottom otter trawling and pair trawls (OTB, OTT, PTB, TB, TBN)
  • Fishing - Demersal seine netting (SSC, SDN, SPR)
  • Infrastructure - Offshore (oil & gas platforms)
3 Physical change (to another seabed type)
  • Extraction – Dredging (capital and maintenance)
  • Fishing - Bottom otter trawling and pair trawls (OTB, OTT, PTB, TB, TBN)
  • Fishing - Creeling and potting (FPO)

Footnotes:
• This pressure assessment uses the FeAST classification which includes two abrasion pressures: surface abrasion and sub-surface abrasion. Some expert groups combined these as a single pressure - Surface & sub-surface abrasion - whilst others focussed on using surface abrasion alone, hence there is a slight difference in handling for some regions.
• The ordering of entries in columns 3, 4 and 5 is not in any particular priority. There isn’t a 1:1 relationship between the entries in columns 3 and 4.
• Where aquaculture is identified as a source of noise pressure, this is due to the potential presence of Acoustic Deterrent Devices (ADDs) in this retrospective (2014-2018) pressure assessment.
• Column 4, FAO gear type added for clarity to fishing types. The gear type annotated next to the FeAST Activity is the International Standard Statistical Classification of Fishing Gear (ISSCFG). This was originally adopted during the 10th Session of the Coordinating Working Party on Fishery Statistics (CWP) (July 1980).
• Note the possibility of terrestrial influence for litter.

North and West Shetland Shelf