Literature

Dee, D.P. et al., 2011. The ERA-Interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data assimilation system. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 137(656), pp.553 - 597. Available at: https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/qj.828.

Deegan, L.A. et al., 1997. Development and validation of an estuarine biotic integrity index. . Estuaries and Coasts, 20, pp.601–617. Available at: https://link.springer.com/article/10.2307%2F1352618.

Defra, 2019. UK OPSAR assessment: trends in new records of non-indigenous species introduced by human activities; D2 - non-indigenous species; D2.1 - abundance and state characterisation of non-indigenous species, in particular invasive species. . Available at: https://oap.ospar.org/en/ospar-assessments/intermediate-assessment-2017/pressures-human-activities/non-indigenous/.

Defra, 2018. Recommendations to inform a UK ocean acidification monitoring strategy, Science Advisory Council. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/recommendations-to-inform-a-uk-ocean-acidification-monitoring-strategy.

Defra, 2020. Enabling a Natural Capital Approach (ENCA): Guidance, Defra. Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/869801/natural-capital-enca-guidance_2_March.pdf.

Defra, 2014. Marine Strategy Part Two: UK Marine Monitoring Programmes., Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/341146/msfd-part-2-final.pdf.

Defra, 2020. Intertidal Substrate Foreshore: England and Scotland. Available at: https://data.gov.uk/dataset/6efcebae-874e-4691-bf46-53057bdebda1/intertidal-substrate-foreshore-england-and-scotland.

del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. & Sargatal, J., 1996. Handbook of the Birds of the World, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. Available at: https://www.lynxeds.com/product/handbook-of-the-birds-of-the-world/.

den Hartog, C., 1987. “Wasting disease” and other dynamic phenomena in Zostera beds. Environmental Impacts On Seagrasses, 27(1), pp.3 - 14. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304377087900829.

den Hartog, C., 1989. Early records of wasting-disease-like damage patterns in eelgrass Zostera marina. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 7. Available at: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/ef37/56759158c2e955c818f6153aaffd484d973e.pdf.

Dennison, W.C. et al., 1993. Assessing Water Quality with Submersed Aquatic Vegetation: Habitat requirements as barometers of Chesapeake Bay health. BioScience, 43(2), pp.86 - 94. Available at: https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article-abstract/43/2/86/239768?redirectedFrom=fulltext.

Department for Transport, 2020. Maritime and shipping statistics, Department for Transport. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/maritime-and-shipping-statistics.

Devictor, V. et al., 2008. Birds are tracking climate warming, but not fast enough. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological SciencesProceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 275(1652), pp.2743 - 2748. Available at: https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2008.0878.

Devlin, M. et al., 2014. Water Framework Directive: The development and status of phytoplankton tools for ecological assessment of coastal and transitional waters. United Kingdom., Water Framework Directive – United Kingdom Technical Advisory Group (WFD-UKTAG). Available at: https://www.wfduk.org/sites/default/files/Media/Characterisation%20of%20the%20water%20environment/Biological%20Method%20Statements/Phytoplankton%20Technical%20Report_0.pdf.

Devlin, M., Painting, S. & Best, M., 2007. Setting nutrient thresholds to support an ecological assessment based on nutrient enrichment, potential primary production and undesirable disturbance. Implementation of the Water Framework Directive in European marine waters, 55(1), pp.65 - 73. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X06003249.

Dhanji-Rapkova, M. et al., 2019. Variability and profiles of lipophilic toxins in bivalves from Great Britain during five and a half years of monitoring: azaspiracids and yessotoxins. Harmful Algae, 87, p.101629. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568988319300964.

Dhanji-Rapkova, M. et al., 2018. Variability and profiles of lipophilic toxins in bivalves from Great Britain during five and a half years of monitoring: Okadaic acid, dinophysis toxins and pectenotoxins. Harmful Algae, 77, pp.66 - 80. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568988318300830.

Dias, M.P. et al., 2019. Threats to seabirds: A global assessment. Biological Conservation, 237, pp.525 - 537. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320719307499.

Diaz, R.J. & Rosenberg, R., 2008. Spreading Dead Zones and Consequences for Marine Ecosystems. Science, 321(5891), p.926. Available at: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/321/5891/926.abstract.

Dickey-Collas, M. et al., 2017. Pelagic habitat: exploring the concept of good environmental status. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 74(9), pp.2333-2341. Available at: https://academic.oup.com/icesjms/article/74/9/2333/4085765.

Dickson, A.G., Sabine, C.L. & Christian, J.R., 2007. Guide to Best Practices for Ocean CO₂ Measurements, Sidney, Canada: North Pacific Marine Science Organization . Available at: https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/ocads/oceans/Handbook_2007/Guide_all_in_one.pdf.

Dierssen, H.M. et al., 2019. Pushing the Limits of Seagrass Remote Sensing in the Turbid Waters of Elkhorn Slough, California. Remote Sensing , 11.

Dinmore, T. et al., 2003. Impact of a large-scale area closure on patterns of fishing disturbance and the consequences for benthic communities. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 60(2), pp.371-380. Available at: https://academic.oup.com/icesjms/article/60/2/371/627288.

Dobby, H. et al., 2017. Scottish scallop stocks: results of 2016 stock assessments. Scottish Marine and Freshwater Science, 8(21), p.178 pp. Available at: https://data.marine.gov.scot/sites/default/files//SMFS%200821.pdf.

Dodd, J., Baxter, L. & Hughes, D.J., 2009. Mapping Serpula vermicularis (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) aggregations in Loch Teacuis, western Scotland, a new record. Marine Biology ResearchMarine Biology Research, 5(2), pp.200 - 205. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000802345858.

Doherty, P. et al., 2017. Long-term satellite tracking reveals variable seasonal migration strategies of basking sharks in the north-east Atlantic. , 7. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28216646/.

Doherty, P. et al., 2017. Testing the boundaries: Seasonal residency and inter-annual site fidelity of basking sharks in a proposed Marine Protected Area. , 209, pp.68 - 75. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320717301404?via%3Dihub.

Dolton, H.R. et al., 2020. Assessing the importance of Isle of Man waters for the basking shark Cetorhinus maximus. Endangered Species Research, 41, pp.209 - 223. Available at: https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/esr/v41/p209-223/.

Douarin, M. et al., 2016. North Atlantic ecosystem sensitivity to Holocene shifts in Meridional Overturning Circulation. Geophysical Research Letters, 43(1), pp.291 - 298. Available at: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2015GL065999.

Dransfeld, L. et al., 2013. Assessing the risk of vulnerable species exposure to deepwater trawl fisheries: The case of orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus to the west of Ireland and Britain. Aquatic Living Resources , 26(4), pp.307-318.

Duarte, C.M. & Kirkman, H., 2001. Chapter 7 - Methods for the measurement of seagrass abundance and depth distribution. In F. T. Short & Coles, R. G., eds. Global Seagrass Research Methods. Global Seagrass Research Methods. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, pp. 141-153. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444508911500086.

Ducklow, H.W., Steinberg, D.K. & Buesseler, K.O., 2001. Upper ocean carbon export and the biological pump. Oceanography, 14(4), pp.50-58. Available at: https://tos.org/oceanography/article/upper-ocean-carbon-export-and-the-biological-pump.

Duffy, P. & Stojanovic, T., 2018. The potential for Assemblage thinking in population geography: Assembling population, space, and place. Population, Space and Place, 24(3), p.e2097. Available at: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/psp.2097.

Duffy, P.D. & Stojanovic, T.A., 2018. The Potential for Assemblage Thinking in Population Geography: Assembling Population, Space and Place. Population, Space and Place. Population, Space and Place, 24(3).

Duggins, D. et al., 2016. Islands in the stream: kelp detritus as faunal magnets. Marine Biology, 163(1), p.17.

Dulvy, N. et al., 2008. Climate change and deepening of the North Sea fish assemblage: a biotic indicator of warming seas. , 45, pp.1029 - 1039. Available at: https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01488.x.

Dunton, K.H., 2001. δ15N and δ13C Measurements of Antarctic Peninsula Fauna: Trophic Relationships and Assimilation of Benthic Seaweeds. American Zoologist, 41(1), pp.99 - 112. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/41.1.99.

Durant, J.M., Anker-Nilssen, T. & Stenseth, N.Chr., 2003. Trophic interactions under climate fluctuations: the Atlantic puffin as an example. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological SciencesProceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 270(1523), pp.1461 - 1466. Available at: https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2003.2397.

Dye, S. et al., 2020. Climate change and salinity of the coastal and marine environment around the UK., Available at: http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/526582/.

Dyerberg, J., Bang, H.O. & Hjørne, N., 1975. Fatty acid composition of the plasma lipids in Greenland Eskimos. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 28(9), pp.958 - 966. Available at: https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article-abstract/28/9/958/4716477?redirectedFrom=fulltext.

Eastwood, P.D. et al., 2007. Human activities in UK offshore waters: an assessment of direct, physical pressure on the seabed. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64(3), pp.453-463. Available at: https://academic.oup.com/icesjms/article/64/3/453/815129.

Eaton, M. et al., 2015. Birds of Conservation Concern 4: the population status of birds in the UK, Channel Islands and Isle of Man. , 108, pp.708 - 746. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286883061_Birds_of_Conservation_Concern_4_the_population_status_of_birds_in_the_UK_Channel_Islands_and_Isle_of_Man.

Ebada, S.S., Lin, W.H. & Proksch, P., 2010. Bioactive Sesterterpenes and Triterpenes from Marine Sponges: Occurrence and Pharmacological Significance. Marine Drugs, 8, pp.313–346. Available at: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/8/2/313.

EC, 2016. Regulation (EU) 2016/2336 of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing specific conditions for fishing for deep-sea stocks in the north-east Atlantic and provisions for fishing in international waters of the north-east Atlantic Repealing Council Regulation (EC) No 2347 2002th ed., Official Journal of the European Union. Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32016R2336&from=EN.

EC, 2008. Directive 2008/56/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17.06.2008 establishing a framework for community action in the field of marine environmental policy (Marine Strategy Framework Directive) (Text with EEA relevance). , pp.19-40. Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32008L0056.

Echarri, I. et al., 1998. Multivariate analysis applied to the study of the distribution of chlorobiphenyls (CBs), including the non-ortho-CBs, in fish and sea mammals. Analyst, 123(3), pp.421 - 427. Available at: https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/1998/AN/a705203k#!divAbstract.

Edwards, M. et al., 2006. Regional climate change and harmful algal blooms in the northeast Atlantic. Limnology and Oceanography, 51(2), pp.820-829. Available at: https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.4319/lo.2006.51.2.0820.

Edwards, M. et al., 2013. Impacts of climate change on plankton. , 4. Available at: http://www.mccip.org.uk/impacts-report-cards/full-report-cards/2013/healthy-diverse-marine-ecosystem/plankton/.

Edwards, M. et al., 2002. Ocean climate anomalies and the ecology of the North Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series , 239, pp.1-10. Available at: https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v239/p1-10/.

Edwards, M. et al., 2020. Plankton, jellyfish and climate in the North-East Atlantic. Plankton, jellyfish and climate in the North-East Atlantic. MCCIP Science Review 2020, pp.322-353. Available at: http://www.mccip.org.uk/media/2018/15_plankton_2020.pdf.